1. Choose the correct option for the following questions:
a. Nowadays, sometimes there is low rainfall and sometimes heavy rainfall, which has affected agricultural production. What may be the reason for this?
i. Volcanic eruption
ii. Climate change
iii. Decline of rare wildlife
iv. Change in atmospheric pressure
Answer: ii. Climate change
b.What causes the rise in sea level?
i. Heavy rainfall
ii. Low rainfall
iii. Global warming
iv. Deforestation
Answer :iii. Global warming
c. Which of these groups includes endangered animals?
i. Swamp deer, Asiatic wild elephant, stripped hyena
ii. Asiatic wild elephant, stripped hyena, jackal
iii. Antelope, tiger, leopard
iv. Asiatic wild elephant, tiger, bear
Answer: i. Swamp deer, Asiatic wild elephant, stripped hyena
d. To which group of plants does Tulsi belong?
i. Endangered plant
ii. Medicinal plant
iii. Thorny plant
iv. Creepers
Answer: ii. Medicinal plant
e. What is the connection or relationship between caterpillars and fungi in the formation of Yarsagumba?
i. Symbiotic
ii. Parasitic
iii. Predator
iv. Saprotrophic
Answer i. Symbiotic
f. What property in neem helps in healing chickenpox when neem powder paste is applied to the affected parts and neem leaves are spread on the bed?
i. Anti-inflammatory property
ii. Anti-oxidant property i
li. Anti-microbial property
iv. Anti-pyretic property
Answer: iii. Anti-microbial property
g. Which part of Bojo is utilized for medicinal purposes?
i. Rhizome
ii. Leaf
iii. Stem
iv. Flower
Answer: i. Rhizome
2. Write the differences:
a. Weather change and climate change
| Weather change | climate change |
| Weather is what we experience each day, like if it’s sunny, rainy, or windy | Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a place, like whether it’s usually hot, cold, or rainy. |
| It can change quickly from day to day or even hour to hour. | It’s about changes in temperature and weather conditions over a long time, like decades or centuries. |
b. Endangered plants and medicinal plants
| Endangered plants | Medicinal plants |
| Endangered plants are types of plants that are at risk of disappearing from the Earth | Medicinal plants are plants that are used to make medicines or treatments for illnesses. |
| They are in danger of becoming extinct, which means there won’t be any of them left. | The focus with medicinal plants is on their healing properties and how they can help people get better when they are sick. |
c. Greenhouse effect and Climate change
| Greenhouse effect | Climate change |
| The greenhouse effect is like a natural blanket around the Earth. | Climate change is what happens when the Earth’s average temperature gets warmer over a long period of time. |
| It happens because certain gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat from the sun. | It’s caused by the buildup of extra greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mainly from human activities like burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas). |
3. Give reason:
a. The main causative factor of non-seasonal rainfall is climate change.
Ans:The main causative factor of non-seasonal rainfall is climate change: Non-seasonal rainfall occurs primarily due to shifts in climate patterns. As a result, non-seasonal rainfall events may occur due to shifts in atmospheric circulation patterns, increased moisture content in the air, and other climate-related factors.
b. Sea level rises due to climate change.
Ans:Sea levels rise because of climate change, and here’s why in simple terms: Imagine ice sitting on land, like big glaciers and ice sheets in places like Antarctica and Greenland. When the Earth gets warmer due to climate change, these ice masses start to melt, just like an ice cube left out in the sun. The water from this melting ice flows into the ocean, adding more water to it, and this makes the sea levels go up.
c. Climate change also causes the extinction of animals.
Ans: Climate change is like a big shake-up for nature. Some animals and plants might not be able to cope with these changes, and sadly, they could disappear forever. That’s why it’s important to take care of our planet and try to stop climate change from getting worse.
d. Endangered animals can be protected by conserving their natural habitat.
Ans:When we protect and look after their natural homes, it means we’re making sure they have enough food, clean water, and a safe place to live and raise their families. It’s like keeping their house in good shape. This way, they can stay healthy and safe, and their populations can grow. So, conserving their habitats is like giving endangered animals a better chance to survive and thrive.
e. The use of medicinal plants is beneficial for human health.
Ans: Using medicinal plants is good for our health. These special plants have natural substances that can help us feel better when we’re sick or have health issues. It’s like having a natural remedy from nature.
f. Tulsi is called a life-giving plant.
Ans:Tulsi is often called a “life-giving” plant. This is because it’s highly valued in many cultures for its health benefits. People believe that using Tulsi in various forms, like making tea or using its leaves, can promote good health and well-being. It’s like a natural helper for keeping us healthy and strong..
g. Neem is a multipurpose medicinal plant.
Ans: Neem is a versatile medicinal plant. It’s called “multipurpose” because it has many uses in traditional medicine and everyday life. People use different parts of the neem tree, like its leaves, seeds, and oil, for various health remedies and for things like making natural pesticides, soaps, and skincare products. So, neem is like a helpful plant that can be used in many different ways.
h. Yarsagumba is used as an energy-booster herbal medicine.
Ans:Yarsagumba is a herbal medicine that is known for boosting energy. People use it to feel more energetic and active, kind of like a natural way to get a little extra energy when they need it.
4. Answer the following question:
a. What is climate change?
Ans: Climate change is when the Earth’s usual weather patterns, like how hot or cold it is and how much it rains, start to become different and unusual. This happens because of things like pollution from cars and factories, which make the Earth warmer, and it can lead to problems like more extreme weather, rising temperatures, and melting ice. So, climate change is like a big change in the Earth’s regular weather that can cause a lot of issues.
b. Write the main reasons for climate change.
Ans:The main reasons for climate change include:
Greenhouse Gases: Certain gases, like carbon dioxide and methane, from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, making it warmer.
Deforestation: Cutting down and removing forests reduces the Earth’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, from the air.
Burning Fossil Fuels: Using coal, oil, and natural gas for energy releases a lot of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect.
Industrial Processes: Some industries release greenhouse gases as part of their production processes.
Agriculture: Certain farming practices, like rice cultivation and livestock farming, produce methane, another potent greenhouse gas.
Land Use Changes: Urbanization and changes in land use can affect local climates and contribute to warming.
Waste Management: Landfills and waste management processes release methane, which adds to the greenhouse effect.
c. Describe the effects of climate change.
Ans: The effects of climate change include:
Hotter Temperatures: It gets much hotter, leading to heatwaves and making some places too warm to live comfortably.
Extreme Weather: More intense and frequent storms, hurricanes, and droughts can happen, causing damage and disruption.
Melting Ice and Rising Seas: Polar ice caps and glaciers melt, causing sea levels to rise, which can flood coastal areas
Changing Rainfall Patterns: Some places get more rain, causing floods, while others get less, leading to droughts and water shortages.
Harm to Wildlife: Animals and plants struggle to adapt, leading to habitat loss and species becoming endangered or extinct.
Health Issues: Climate change can worsen air quality and spread diseases, affecting human health.
d. What types of animals are called rare animals?
Ans: Rare animals are types of animals that are not commonly found. They are often in low numbers or are hard to spot in the wild. These animals might be special because they have unique features, live in remote places, or are at risk of disappearing from the Earth. People pay special attention to rare animals to try to protect them from becoming extinct.
e. What measures can be adopted to protect rare animals?
Ans: Measures that can be adopted to protect rare animals include:
• Habitat Conservation: Protect and preserve the places where these animals live. This includes their forests, wetlands, or any environment they need to survive.
• Laws and Regulations: Make and enforce laws that make it illegal to harm or hunt these animals. This can include penalties for poaching.
• Breeding Programs: Sometimes, rare animals are bred in captivity to increase their numbers and then released into the wild.
• Public awareness and education: Promoting awareness about the importance of rare animals and their conservation can encourage public support and engagement in conservation efforts.
• International Cooperation: Work together with other countries to protect rare animals that migrate or live in different places.
f. Many plants are being extinct in Nepal due to climate change. What role can you play to protect such plants? Describe in brief.
Ans: To protect plants in Nepal from extinction due to climate change, several actions can be taken:
Conservation Efforts: Support and participate in conservation programs aimed at preserving rare and endangered plant species. This can involve planting native species, protecting their natural habitats, and monitoring their populations.
Promote Sustainable Practices: Encourage sustainable land use and farming practices that reduce environmental harm. This includes promoting organic farming, responsible logging, and reforestation efforts.
Raise Awareness: Educate communities and individuals about the importance of preserving native plant species and the role they play in the ecosystem.
Advocacy: Advocate for policies and regulations that prioritize environmental conservation and address the root causes of climate change.
Research and Monitoring: Support scientific research and data collection efforts to better understand the impacts of climate change on plant species and how they can be protected.
g. In order to protects and promote the medicinal herbs found in Nepal, it is essential to train the local people on the processing of herbs and their use. Explain your opinions.
Ans: To protect and promote medicinal herbs in Nepal, training local people on the processing of herbs and their use is essential because:
• Preservation of Traditional Knowledge: Many traditional herbal remedies have been passed down through generations. Training local people ensures that this knowledge is preserved and continues to benefit communities.
• Sustainable Harvesting: Teaching proper harvesting techniques helps prevent over-exploitation of medicinal herbs, ensuring a continuous supply for future generations.
• Economic Opportunities: Processing and selling medicinal herbs can provide income for local communities. Training enables them to participate in the herbal medicine market and improve their livelihoods.
• Quality Control: Proper processing techniques improve the quality and safety of herbal products, making them more marketable and reliable.
• Healthcare Access: Training locals in the use of medicinal herbs can improve access to healthcare, especially in remote areas where modern medicine is less accessible.
h. By protecting Yarsagumba and increasing its production, the economy of the country can also improve. Explain this statement.
Ans: Protecting and increasing the production of Yarsagumba can improve the economy of the country because
• Income Generation: People who collect Yarsagumba can earn money by selling it. This extra income helps them and their families, which can boost the local economy in rural areas.
• Export Earnings: Yarsagumba is valuable and sought after in international markets, especially in countries like China. By exporting it, a country can earn foreign exchange, which strengthens its economy.
• Sustainable resource management: Focusing on the sustainable harvest and management of Yarsagumba ensures its long-term availability and prevents overexploitation, allowing for continued economic benefits in the future.
•Sustainable Practices: Protecting Yarsagumba also means taking care of the environment where it grows. Sustainable harvesting practices can help protect the
