1). What is Mushroom?
Ans: Mushroom is the fleshy saprophytic fungus which grows during the rainy season on decaying organic matter.
2). Write down the kingdom to which mushroom belong.
Ans: Mushroom belong to kingdom fungi.
3). Name the two part of a mushroom.
Ans: The two part of a mushroom are:
i) Stipe
ii) Gills
4).What is mycelium? Write its function.
Ans: Mycelium is the part of mushroom that is very similar to the root of any plant.
The function of mycelium is to provide a transportation network to pass nutrients along the fungal body.
5). What is fruiting body?
Ans: The stalk and cap that come to mind when you think about a mushroom are called the fruiting body.
6). Name any two parts of a fruiting body.
Ans: They are given below:
i) Gills
ii) Pileus
7). Name any two species of mushroom cultivated in Nepal.
Ans: They are given below:
i) Agaricus
ii) Pleurotus
8). Write down the major function of Pileus.
Ans: The major function of pileus that it protect gills.
9). What are gills? Write their function.
Ans: Gills are thin, vertical plate- like structures presents on the ventral surface of the pileus.
The major function of the gills is to hold up the cap of the mushroom.
10). What is stipe?
Ans: The basidiocarp consists of a fleshy stalk called stipe.
11). What are basidia and paraphyses?
Ans: The cells of the hyminium are fertile which produce spores are called besidia.
Those cells of the hyminium which are sterile and smaller than besidia that types of cell are called paraphyses.
12). How is secondary mycelium formed?
Ans: It is formed by the fusion of two primary mycelia of opposite strain.
13). What is percentage of protein is found in mushroom?
Ans: Mushroom contains 19% to 35% of protein.
14). Name any two Vitamins found in mushroom.
Ans: They are given below:
i) Folate (B9)
ii) Pantothenic acid (B5)
15). Write any two features of poisonous mushroom.
Ans: They are given below:
i) Mushroom having light brown color
ii) Mushroom having volva.
16). Differentiate between mycelium and fruiting body.
Ans: They are given below:
| Mycelium | Fruiting Body |
| It is the part of mushroom located just below the soil and rich in organic matter. | The basteliocrap is called fruiting body. |
| It consists of a mass of much branched hyphae | It is found above the surface of the ground. |
17). Why is mushroom called a saprophytic fungus?
Ans: Mushroom is called a saprophytic fungus because it grows during the rainy season in damp places on decaying organic matter. On trunks of trees and in damp rotten dogs of wood.
18). Mushroom is both useful and harmful for human beings, why?
Ans: Mushroom is widely used as food because it is rich in it nutrition value which contains protein, vitamins and minerals where some of mushroom are wild verities like Amanita Verna, Amanita phalloides etc. ( which are black or bright in color) are poisonous and may cause us death.
19). Patients of diabetes and heart disease are encouraged to consume mushroom, why?
Ans: Patients of diabetes and heart disease are encouraged to consume mushroom because it contains low glucose and glucose content won’t spike your blood sugar levels. It is high nutritional value as it contain 90% of water which is great for weight loss and calorie control. It also reduce cardiovascular disease.
20). We should be careful before consuming wild mushrooms, why?
Ans: We should be careful before consuming wild mushrooms because they are sometimes deadly and can cause gastric disturbance, paralysis of central nervous system and sometimes kill the people.
21). Why is mushroom beneficial for farmers? Give reason.
Ans: Mushroom is beneficial for farmers because it helps farmers to earns good amount of money which can help them to live standard life. It is sustainable and eco- friendly. Mushroom cultivation need less effort and low maintenance. Mushroom cultivation can yield a high amount of mushroom per square foot .
22). Study the given figure and answer the following questions.
i) Name the part A and D shown in the figure.
Ans: The name of part A is pileus and name of part D is stipe.
ii) Write down the major function of C.
Ans: The major function of part C i.e gills to release or dispersal of spores.
iii) How does the part C produce basidiospores? Describe.
Ans: Basidiospore typically contain one haplioid nucleus that is the product of melosis and they are produced by specialized fungal cell called pasidia.
23). Draw neat and clean figures of showing various part of the mushrooms and explain the structure of reproductive part in breif.
Ans: The basidiocarp consists of a fleshy stalk called stipe and an umbrella- liked head borne on it’s top, called the pilecus or hat. The whole body of the fungus is made up of an inter covers mass of hyphae. On the ventral surface of the pileus, about 300-600 vertical plate- like structure i.e gills are present. These gills are protected by pileus. A ring – like structure called annulus or velum is attached to the stipe.
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